ELECTRONIC GOVERNANCE

*Electronic governance or e-governance is the application of information and communication technology (ICT) for delivering government services, exchange of information communication transactions, integration of various stand-alone systems and services between government-to-customer (G2C), government-to-business (G2B), government-to-government (G2G) as well as back office processes and interactions within the entire government framework.^[1] Through e-governance, government services will be made available to citizens in a convenient, efficient and transparent manner. The three main target groups that can be distinguished in governance concepts are government, citizens and businesses/interest groups. In e-governance there are no distinct boundaries.^[

BUSINESS TO GOVERMENT

*Business-to-government (B2G) is a derivative of B2B marketing and often referred to as a market definition of "public sector marketing" which encompasses marketing products and services to various government levels - including federal, state and local - through integrated marketing communications techniques such as strategic public relations, branding, marcom, advertising, and web-based communications.

B2G networks provide a platform for businesses to bid on government opportunities which are presented as solicitations in the form of RFPs in a reverse auctionfashion. Public sector organizations (PSOs) post tenders in the form of RFPs, RFIs, RFQs, Sources Sought, etc. and suppliers respond to them.

Government agencies typically have pre-negotiated standing contracts vetting the vendors/suppliers and their products and services for set prices. These can be state, local or federal contracts and some may be grandfathered in by other entities (i.e. California's MAS Multiple Award Schedule will recognize the federal government contract holder's prices on a General Services Administration Schedule).

There are multiple social platforms dedicated to this vertical market and they have risen in popularity with the onset of the ARRA/Stimulus Program and increased government funds available to commercial entities for both grants and contracts.

Example .

1.Business pay taxes,file reports or sell goods and services to govt agencies.

G2B (Government to Business)

-is a term that refers to the relationships between organizations (subjects) of public administration and enterprises (businesses). The designation can be used for any relationship between the subject of public administration and the enterprise, most often it is used as one of the basic relationship within e-Government models. The initiative comes from a federal organization (public administration) and enterprises are the target group.

Example.

-the goverment plans to build a fly over.for this.the goverment request fof fender from various constraction. govertment can do this over the internet by using G2B model.

Government to citizen

The goal of Government to Customer (G2C) e-Governance is to offer a variety of ICT services to citizens in an efficient and economical manner, and to strengthen the relationship between government and citizens using technology.

There are several methods of Government to Customer e-Governance. Two-way communication allows citizens to instant message directly with public administrators, and cast remote electronic votes (electronic voting) and instant opinion voting. Transactions such as payment of services, such as city utilities, can be completed online or over the phone. Mundane services such as name or address changes, applying for services or grants, or transferring existing services are more convenient and no longer have to be completed face to face.^[4]

^{Example .}

 ^{include paying utilities, tickets, and applying for permits. So far, the biggest concern is accessibility to Internet technologies for the average citizen}

^{ADVANTAGES OF INTERNET}

^-The Internet has made it easy for people to communicate with others because it is cheap and convenient. The only costs incurred are those paid to the Internet service provider. If you want to talk to someone who is in another part of the globe, you can just fire up Skype or any other communication app and hold a video chat.

Services such as Skype have helped people from geographically segmented countries to interact and share ideas. As such, people are able to share their thoughts and views on matters affecting the globe. The Internet acts as common global platform where people explore ideologies and cultures without limitation.

EMAIL-Information The biggest benefit offered by the Internet is information. It functions as a valuable resource of information. You can find any type of information on any subject with the help of the search engines like Yahoo and Google. Communication The primary goal of the Internet is communication. It has done extremely well in this field, however the development process is still going on to make it more dependable and quick. By sending an e-mail, we can contact a person who is physically present thousand miles away within the fraction of a second’s time. Entertainment Internet functions as a popular medium of entertainment. A wide variety of entertainment including video games, music, movies, chat room, news and others can be accessed through the Internet.

INFORMATION-Not only is information technology a fascinating and rewarding field for those with an interest in programming or computer systems, workers in nearly every other industry benefit from the advantages of information technology.

From high-speed communications systems to complex, specialized databases to customized internal computer networks, information technology is inseparable from the modern business world. In industries as diverse as health care, government, education and manufacturing, IT professionals work to meet a wide array of technology demands.

SERVICES-any location, really, as long as there is an available connection to the Web. 

The Internet, especially with broadband connections, makes it possible for companies to have one set of employees in one physical location and an entire crew working somewhere else--there are software development companies working this way, essentially entering lines of code anywhere from 16 to 24 hours a day.The Internet provides many other advantages as well.

BUY OR SALE PRODUCT-In today’s world of commerce basically anything and everything can be sold over the Internet. While some types of businesses’ call for a regular brick & mortar store to be successful, one should never dismiss the option of selling online, either in addition to a physical store or as a main source for sales.

It is important to analyze your business (or business plan) to see if selling online could work for you because you may find the benefits of selling online greatly outweigh the alternative.

COMMUNITIES-An online community, also known as a "Market Research Online Community" (or MROC), is also a form of qualitative research where a group of people are asked about their opinions, perceptions, ideas and feedback about a product, service or any topic of interest. Questions are posed to the entire group of participants and/or in private, one on one exchanges through a series of interactive research activities such as polls, image markups, discussion boards, and multimedia exercises. Participants interact with each other and the moderator via their computer, tablet and/or mobile phone. Online communities are conducted virtually, last one to two weeks, and include 50-150 participants (often from multiple segments).

Seven Unique features of E-commerce

Ubiquity- The traditional business market is a physical place, access to treatment by means of document circulation. For example, clothes and shoes are usually directed to encourage customers to go somewhere to buy. E-commerce is ubiquitous meaning that it can be everywhere. E-commerce is the worlds reduce cognitive energy required to complete the task.

Ex, clothes and shoes are usually directed to encourage customers to go somewhere to buy. E-commerce is ubiquitous meaning that it can be everywhere. E-commerce is the worlds reduce cognitive energy required to complete the task.

Global Reach- E-commerce allows business transactions on the cross country bound can be more convenient and more effective as compared with the traditional commerce. On the e-commerce businesses potential market scale is roughly equivalent to the network the size of the world's population.

Exu Demographics•age•income•race•gender•religion

Universal Standards- E-commerce technologies is an unusual feature, is the technical standard of the Internet, so to carry out the technical standard of e-commerce is shared by all countries around the world standard. Standard can greatly affect the market entry cost and considering the cost of the goods on the market. The standard can make technology business existing become more easily, which can reduce the cost, technique of indirect costs in addition can set the electronic commerce website 10$ / month.

ExuThe World Wide Web – Standards are becoming #1 priority (XML, HTML, etc.)

Richness- Advertising and branding are an important part of commerce. E-commerce can deliver video, audio, animation, billboards, signs and etc. However, it’s about as rich as television technology.

Ex.•However, its about as rich as television technology.

Interactivity- Twentieth Century electronic commerce business technology is called interactive, so they allow for two-way communication between businesses and consumers.

Ex.•Here is where Web technology kick’s TV’s ass! Engaging consumer/user is a powerful feature.

Information Density- The density of information the Internet has greatly improved, as long as the total amount and all markets, consumers and businesses quality information. The electronic commerce technology, reduce the information collection, storage, communication and processing cost. At the same time, accuracy and timeliness of the information technology increases greatly, information is more useful, more important than ever.

Ex,•reduces information costs.•raises the quality of information.

Personalization /customization-

commerce technology allows for personalization. Business can be adjusted for a name, a person's interests and past purchase message objects and marketing message to a specific individual. The technology also allows for custom. Merchants can change the product or service based on user preferences, or previous behavior.

Ex Dr. B’s 3-year old son is watching Sponge Bob and sees an advertisement for Polly Pocket. BTW, he hates Polly Pocket or anything pink for that matter.uDr. B’s 3-year old son is play the Bob the Builder Game on noggin.com and suddenly a pop-up ad for the Talking Bob the Builder appears.

DEFINITION  NSFNET-

NSFNET was a network for research computing deployed in the mid-1980s that in time also became the first backbone infrastructure for the commercial public Internet. Created as a result of a 1985 National Science Foundation (NSF) initiative, NSFNET established a high-speed connection among the five NSF supercomputer centers and the National Center for Atmospheric Research, and provided external access for scientists, researchers, and engineers who were not located near the computing centers.

  DEFINITION OF ARPANET-

ARPANET was the network that became the basis for the Internet. Based on a concept first published in 1967, ARPANET was developed under the direction of the U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). In 1969, the idea became a modest reality with the interconnection of four university computers. The initial purpose was to communicate with and share computer resources among mainly scientific users at the connected institutions. ARPANET took advantage of the new idea of sending information in small units called packets that could be routed on different paths and reconstructed at their destination. The development of the TCP/IP protocols in the 1970s made it possible to expand the size of the network, which now had become a network of networks, in an orderly way.

*THE IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE IN THE BUSINESS?

*The importance of ELECTRONIC COMMERCE in the business ,is to present as your  promoting your product true internet also find as a good strategic to sell your product around the world.in the commercial market you cant present you product to the costumers to persuade to buy your specific product and during transaction can be achieved on the same day as for your costumers,they will save up more time during their transaction. To both the costumers and the business the key factor it is the part you achieved your dream to put a whole business.

* It also allows electronic movements that support revenue generation,such as promoting the demand for those good and services and information.As the e-commerce allows online sales support operation and costumer services.


*Many people have a notion that product that are sold via e-commerce sites are not of good quality.come even think that the product are not original.Ensure that the product you are selling on your website must have high quality standards and be the same as you described on your website.Customers also should not have any complaints with the quality of the product that they buy your website.